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Grammar Lesson 15

Denoting a Direct Object. Accusative Case of Nouns (Formation of Singular Forms). Transitive and Intransitive verbs




Russian grammar and vocabulary. Unit 4
Grammar Lesson 13
Questions 'Какой' and 'Как?': Adjectives vs Adverbs.Formation of Adverbs. Adverbs of Place and Time
Grammar Lesson 14
Talking about languages: русский язык vs по-русски. Language skills vs study or knowledge of language
Phrasebook Topic 11
Languages
Phrasebook Topic 12
Cardinal and Ordinal Numerals
Quiz 10
Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 13-14 and Phrasebook Topic 11 with this 10 minute quiz.
Grammar Lesson 15
Denoting a Direct Object. Accusative Case of Nouns (Formation of Singular Forms). Transitive and Intransitive verbs
Grammar Lesson 16
Accusative Case of Adjectives, Possessive and Demonstrative Pronouns. The verb хотеть - to want
Grammar Lesson 17
Studying and Teaching: изучать, учиться, заниматься, преподавать. Verbs with -ся
Phrasebook Topic 13
Subjects at School
Phrasebook Topic 14
About Myself
Quiz 11
Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 15-17 and Phrasebook Topics 13-14 with this 10 minute quiz.
Test 4
Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 13-17 and Phrasebook Topics 11-14.

 Грамматика                           Denoting a Direct Object. The Accusative Case 

 
1. Transitive and Intransitive verbs
 

 

А.   Verbs that take a direct object are called transitive verbs. They are indicated by a "v.t." in the dictionary. 

The direct object answers the question что? (what?) or кого? (whom?) asked after the verb and receives the action of the verb directly, without prepositions separating the verb from the receiver.
Study the following example:

1. Он читает газету.

1. He is reading a newspaper.

The verb (читает - is reading) is followed by the noun (газету - a newspaper) answering the question что? (what):  
  • Он читает что?  Answer: газету.  -  He is reading what?  Answer: a newspaper.

The noun газету is in the Accusative case. The Accusative case expresses the direct object.

More examples of the transitive verbs followed by the direct object:

2. Она пишет статью.

1. She is writing an article.

3. Мы смотрим телевизор.

2. We are watching TV.

4. Я изучаю русский язык.

3. I'm studying Russian.

5. Они редко слушают музыку.

3. They listen to the music rarely.

 

 

Б.   Verbs that do not take a direct object are called intransitive verbs. They are indicated by a "v.i." in the dictionary. An intransitive verb cannot take a direct object by definition.

Study the following example:

1. Он живёт в Москве.

1. He lives in Moscow.

The verb (живёт - lives) cannot be followed by a noun answering the question что? (what?).  The question we ask is где? (where):  
  • Он живёт где?  Answer: в Москве.  -  He lives where?  Answer: in Moscow.

The noun в Москве is in the Prepositional case, and it is the indirect object.
More examples of the intransitive verbs followed by the indirect object:

2. Она работает в университете.

2. She works at university.

3. Я всегда отдыхаю в воскресенье.

3. I always relax on Sunday.

Notes
  • Some verbs may be used both transitively and intransitively.
  • Some verbs are transitive in English but intransitive in Russian. Such verbs are to be mentioned and discussed later on.
 2. The Accusative Case of Nouns (Formation of Singular Forms)
The Accusative case of nouns is formed from the Nominative case. Study the formation of the Accusative Singular for inanimate nouns:

Hard stem nouns

Nominative -> Accusative

Soft stem nouns

Nominative -> Accusative

Masculine inanimate

журнал = журнал

музей = музей

словарь = словарь

кафетерий = кафетерий

Feminine inanimate

книга -> книгу

песня -> песню

 

тедрадь = тетрадь

история -> историю

Neuter 

кресло = кресло

море = море

ружьё = ружьё

 

здание = здание

Accusative Singular endings:      -у (-ю) or = Nominative 

 

Notes
  • Only feminine nouns change their endings for the Accusative case. The Accusative case endings for feminine nouns are (hard stem) and (soft stem).
  • The Accusative case endings for inanimate masculine and neuter nouns coincide with the Nominative case.
  • If a feminine noun stem ends in ь (soft sign) the Accusative case coincides with the Nominative case (тетрадь = тетрадь, дверь = дверь).
  • Accusative case endings for animate nouns will be discussed later on.
Listen and repeat:

1. Я читаю книгу.

1. I'm reading a book.

2. Я изучаю историю.

1. I study history.

Exercises  Упражнения
Form the Accusative singular of nouns
Translation

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